Waterpower infrastructure is both ageing and being repurposed. This course looks at how the design of waterpower dams, structures, and equipment has been shaped by technological change over time. Students will learn to analyze the upgrade potential of an existing plant; review the tools and data available to understand site condition and to be aware of modernization scope for structures and equipment in the context of environmental, social, technical, and economic decision making. Through upgrading of aging infrastructure waterpower not only supports the electricity grid, but also plays a role in integrated water management around flood and drought mitigation, navigation, and recreations. They are long-term assets, in a world of short-term investment. This course exposes students to how waterpower facilities can be repurposed to suite contemporary needs. Student will be able to: To appreciate and assess the profile of existing hydro fleet both in Ontario, Canada and more broadly; To understand design considerations for hydro dams, structures and equipment as they evolved over time, including civil, mechanical, and electrical components and their interaction; To analyze upgrade potential of an existing plant, making key distinctions between power, energy, and dispatchability; To be aware of modernization scope for structures and equipment; To be able to recognize and articulate key safety hazards and concerns associated with renewal and construction work; To have studied how system failure has occurred in the past and to articulate some of the key vulnerabilities associated with hydro development.