This course is similar to the pre-1999 AST1580H Observational Techniques. The course will cover Basic Optims for Modern Professional Astrophysics (Bsic Principles and Terms, Telescopes and Auxillary Optics, Spherical Surfaces, Mirrors, and Lenses, Dispersing Elements, Fiber Optics), Modern Detectors, Astronomical Instruments (Imagery, Spectrographs including FBS and FTS) as well as Adpative Optics (including MCAO and LGS AO), current and future instruments on large telescopes and proposted instruments for TMT/GMT.