Biological, disease, and drug mechanisms are all determined by the 3-dimensional arrangement of atoms within biological macromolecules. Therefore, knowledge of molecular structure is fundamental to protein engineering and the development of new therapeutics and vaccines. This course will cover the application of structural biology methods to drug development and biotechnology. Students will be intro­duced to the modern tools of protein structure determination including cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallo­graphy, and NMR through lectures and group activities. Lectures will focus on theory, techniques, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, model building and valid­ation, and the advantages and limitations of each method. The applications of these methods to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries including protein engineering, target selection and drug­ability, lead identification and optimiz­ation, rational drug design, and drug mechanism of action will be explored through group presentations, case studies, and discussions.