This course is intended to provide an overview of key issues pertinent to the strengthening of primary health care (PHC) and the delivery of high-quality collaborative and comprehensive primary care services, including but not limited to the role of family medicine, globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the recently adopted Astana Declaration of 2018 identify PHC as the pathway of choice for achieving health equity and responding to today’s global health challenges as laid out in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). PHC combines high quality primary care and essential public health functions at the core of integrated health services, with multisectoral action on health, and empowered people, as individuals, families, and communities. Aligned with the call of the Astana Declaration and based on a review of the evidence and on local knowledge, this course will explore how PHC and primary care can impact health locally and globally, with a focus on advancing health equity and addressing the broader social and structural determinants of health. Health systems anchored in PHC will also be discussed in relation to the resilience, responsiveness, and flexibility required to address the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its impact on health equity globally.