This course will examine how Black communities have resisted the impact of colonialism, racism, and other determinants of health. Specifically, this course will firstly examine pre-colonial African/Black Indigenous health practices, and the ways in which Black communities have created interventions to change the historical/herstorical and contemporary health impacts of the transatlantic slave trade, and the compounded effects of multiple social determinants of health. This course will showcase Canadian and transnational case examples looking at multi-level interventions.