This seminar course has emphasis on examination of the scientific evidence supporting contemporary practice. The pediatric dentistry graduate student will gain understanding of what being a member of hospital staff entails, principles of management of dental disease under general anesthesia, medical management of a variety of co-morbidities to support their caring for the oral health of children. Topics addressed include: oro-facial wound healing, hematological diseases, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, renal disease, common syndromes and those with craniofacial malformations, dermatological diseases, disorders of muscular function, metabolic and endocrine disorders, children with medical devices, childhood cancers, respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, allergy, immunodeficiency, infectious diseases, obesity and eating disorders, pregnancy, and substance abuse. Additionally, the course will inform clinical decision-making, incorporating the added complexity of developing a comprehensive treatment plan for the pediatric patient with special health care needs. It will also discuss the issues surrounding palliative and end-of-life management of oral pain/disease.