This graduate seminar will explore the transformation in how historical knowledge was represented and experienced visually during the long Nineteenth Century. This will be accomplished by a focused study of the relationships among European history paintings, three-dimensional historical artifacts, simulacral recreations of physically and temporally distant environments, and the rapidly evolving modes of historical writing. The new level of intimacy between audience and history was not simply expressed in contemporary historiographical tendencies; rather, these became laboratories for various models for understanding the relationship between a seeker of historical knowledge and her object. Drawing upon a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, this course will examine the evidentiary crossroads at which the visual representation of the past found itself in this critical period in modern culture.