Efforts to decolonize museums, universities, and other institutions have been met with confusion, opprobrium, and applause. It is clear that decolonization no longer refers to a historical period or the fate of a nation, but rather a set of ideas, processes, and movements. This course approaches decolonization from the perspective of intellectual history. What did writers argue that decolonization meant; what role have intellectuals and their institutions sought to play in decolonization; and what were the consequences of their efforts? Moreover, how have historians written — or not written — the history of decolonization? This course will focus on historical responses by anti-colonial intellectuals to the end of the British and French empires and the ascendance of an American one. In addition to the study of anti-colonialism and its narration in professional historiography, this course also considers the relevance for historians of recent theoretical debates over decolonization and what is called "decoloniality."