This course will examine how Europeans and North Americans confront the memory of both Nazi mass murder and the Allied bombing of Germany through the law, literature, left wing agitation, film, memorials and museums, and political debates. How do postwar representations of German atrocities and the Allied liberation of Europe, or conversely, German suffering and Allied war crimes shift throughout the postwar period, and what do these representations mean for "overcoming the past?" We will juxtapose generational responses, national reactions (including Germany, Poland, Israel, and the U.S. and Canada), and official vs. unofficial representations of the atrocities of the Second World War. Among the focal points: the Nuremberg and postwar West German trials of Nazis, the fascination with Anne Frank, anti-fascist terror in 1970s Germany, The Berlin Memorial, and the U.S. Holocaust Museum, and films such as Shoah and Schindler's List, and the explosion of debate on the bombing of Germany between 1943-45.