The Directed Research of 2000 paper is intended to help students develop skills in research, in the use of primary-source evidence and in defining and defending an argument with a substantial body of evidence within a limited space. It is an original research paper in the format of an article, making extensive use of primary sources available in Toronto or accessible by interlibrary loan set within the framework of the existing historiography. The paper should be about 7,000 to 8,000 words (approximately 35 pages), the expected length of a submission to a scholarly history journal.