Advanced Principles of Effective Counselling (APEC) is developed for the genetic counselling student who has already become familiar with the main theoretical foundations for the practice of genetic counselling and the role of genetic services in the health-care delivery system. Various psychodynamic approaches to interviewing and counselling via select theories will be explored with ample opportunities for practice, self-assessment, and refinement of these skills in clinical interactions with patients and via standardized patient scenarios and role-plays in class. In addition, students will continue to focus on refining their clinical interview skills; presenting relevant genetic information to individuals and families from diverse cultural backgrounds in an informed, compassionate manner; and helping to obtain the medical and social services that may be needed by the patient/family. (Time: 1 session, 2 hours per week.)