This course will cover advances in neuroscience approaches that have shaped our understanding of the nervous system, using the study of pain as a focal point for application examples and discussion. Topics covered in this course will include an overview of the somatosensory system, behavioural approaches, electrophysiology, optogenetics, and fMRI. The emphasis of the course will be on how advances in these approaches enable new discovery, and how these approaches have been used in the development of new pain treatments.