Survey of major movements and institutions (salons, literary groups, albums, almanacs, journals, censorship), familiar and less studied writers and intellectuals of the first half of the nineteenth century. Romanticism as literary movement, cultural ideology, and lifestyle. Survey of key literary genres and themes. Emergence of literature as profession, public sphere, and commerce. The rise of literary criticism. Literature and nationalism. Russian cultural aspirations in European context. Taught in English, all readings in English.