A systematic introduction to and analysis of the conceptual frameworks and methods (analytic, empirical, evaluative, etc.) employed in information research. Approaches to be considered to be selected from among: (i) discursive (cultural studies, literary theory, continental philosophy; (ii) science and engineering (computer science, HCI); (iii) conceptual (philosophy, mathematical); (iv) qualitative (social science), and (v) quantitative (social science).