This course is on bilateral conflicts and para-states in the European Union (EU)'s backyard. A plethora of big and small regional disputes hamper the Europeanization project. The first half of the course examines bilateral and domestic challenges in the potential EU member states of the so-called Western Balkans. The second half studies a number of unresolved issues in Europe that are largely shaped by real and perceived shortcomings in minority rights. After a section on Roma Rights in Central Europe, our focus turns to the origins and outcomes of largely separatist wars in Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine and the peace agreements that followed.