Agrifood systems, connecting production and consumption, markets and various types of agrarian labour, are undergoing profound social and ecological change. In trying to make sense of these changes, and the various social movements that have e merged in their wake, this course deploys the related paradigms of agrarian political economy and political ecology to analyze the forces and social relations that define land-based and food-focused transformations, both historically and in the contemporary moment. The course examines the often forgotten roots of contemporary debates in political ecology and food, that is, the enduring agrarian question. The agrarian question examines the extent to which capital has transformed agricultural production and the degrees to which producers have been able to resist dispossession and the industrialization and capitalization of agriculture. The course starts with foundational perspectives on the agrarian question, the renaissance of these debates in the 1970s and 1980s and the emergence during this time of political ecology as a critical approach to the study of food and land- based practices. The course also tackles a number of defining contemporary developments that are reshaping the meaning and character of land and food.