This course provides an introduction to the application of human factors (HF) in the analysis of healthcare systems using case studies and current events. Various healthcare models are explored with a focus on aims of healthcare systems in Canada and the U.S. Applicable HF theory, models, principles, and methods are covered. Emphasis is placed on the use of HF in prospective and retrospective system safety evaluation and integration of technology (including ML/AI) in clinical environments. Equity as a cross-cutting dimension of quality care, engagement of patients in system redesign processes, and research ethics and misconduct are also covered.