The public policy challenges of the 21st century require policy-makers to see issues from multiple perspectives — not only from the perspective of the state, but also from the perspective of others, whose actions will be essential to the achievement of collective goals. They also need a view that spans sectors, to understand how actions taken in one policy sector have impacts in others, and how certain big challenges, such as safety and risk assessment, and big objectives, such as improving health status or prosperity, require complementary actions to be taken in many sectors. Meeting these challenges requires skills not only of analysis and evaluation, but also of negotiation, contracting, conflict resolution and consensus building, as well as an appreciation of how actions taken in different policy arenas are themselves inter-connected. Required of all second year MPP students.