This course covers in-depth examination of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, how the mechanisms of the enzymes involved were determined and how these enzymes have been targeted for antibiotic discovery. At the end of the course, students will be able to apply chemical knowledge to understand, evaluate and speculate on how small molecules may interact with and affect biochemical pathways and enzyme systems. Using interpretation of biochemical assay results students will be able to propose hypothesis concerning the mechanisms of the enzymes involved and how they relate to the overall biochemical pathway.

This course consists of two parts: A) Transition Metal Catalysis, and B) Reactive Intermediates. In the first part of the course, Prof. Rousseaux will discuss transition metal-catalyzed transformations for carbon-carbon bond formation. Aspects of reaction development, catalyst design and mechanistic information will be discussed. Selected topics (tentative) will include i) basic concepts in transition metal catalysis, ii) palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings and modern developments in this area, iii) C-H bond functionalization reactions, iv) Heck reactions, v) alkyl cross-couplings, and vi) sustainability in transition metal catalysis. The second part of the course will outline various aspects of the chemistry of reactive intermediates, including radicals, cations, carbenes, nitrenes, ketenes, and benzynes.

Mechanistic studies on reactions of interest to organic chemists will be investigated (C-C bond formation, catalytic mechanisms, stereoselectivity etc. discussed in publications by for example, E. Jacobsen, S. L. Buchwald, J. F. Hartwig, G. Fu, P. Guthrie, D. Evans, E. Carreira etc.).

The course will consider topics that include mechanisms of biological group transfer processes, mechanisms of catalysis by enzymes, coenzymes, and ribozymes, origins of specificity.

This course will cover current techniques for studying the structure, chemical properties, and mobility of biological molecules. Techniques will be described in terms of theory and application and will provide a fundamental understanding of the information potential and limitations of each technique. The specific topics will vary, depending on the interests of the faculty and students, but could include mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular modelling, and calorimetry.

The course will be team-taught by faculty from St. George, UTSC, and UTM. Students will be responsible for short (15-20 minute) presentations at the end of the course, expanding on specific topics covered in the course. In the spirit of the tri-campus system, lectures will be taught at the campus where each faculty member is located.

This course consists of two parts: A) Mechanistic Organic Chemistry and B) Asymmetric Synthesis.

Part A: This section of the course will focus on fundamental energetic parameters of organic transformations. We will discuss various cases that highlight the use of kinetic and thermodynamic control, Hammond postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle, Benson increments, heats of formation and their use, microscopic reversibility, and isodesmic reactions. We will cover the details of electrostatic and orbital control, formulation of common transition state assemblies in organic chemistry, various heuristics (such as homology and vinylogy). Particular attention will be devoted to understanding oxidation states of carbon and their relevance to strategic selection building blocks, industrial organic chemistry, spatioenthalpic analysis, synthetic half-reactions, reactive intermediates, and multicomponent reactions. Students should ensure that they are familiar with material at least up to the level of CHM342H, before beginning this section.

Part B: Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis. This section of the course will focus on topics in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. Selected topics include asymmetric hydrogenations and oxidations; kinetic resolution, dynamic kinetic resolution and DYKAT; ligand design, etc. Students should be familiar with basic aspects of asymmetric synthesis from CHM342/343. Students should therefore ensure that they are familiar with material covered in CHM342H and CHM440H (CHM1004) before taking this course. Access to the lecture notes from CHM342H and CHM440H (CHM1004) can be provided upon request.

Organopalladium Chemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis. Total Synthesis (mainly of alkaloids), discussing miscellaneous synthetic methods (e.g., iminium ions, free radicals) and biosynthetic aspects as appropriate.

The organic synthesis seminar series provides graduate students with the opportunity to develop their presentation and communication skills, and to learn about topics of active research in the field of organic chemistry. PhD students will generally give seminars in Year 2 and Year 4 of the program, as outlined below. The biological chemistry seminar series provides graduate students with the opportunity to learn about a wide range of biological chemistry topics as well as to get practice giving talks to a broad audience of peers. Students in their second year are required to give a seminar on a topic other than their own research, at a level suitable for a grad-level course. Students in their fourth year are required to give a talk on their own research. Depending on timeslot availability, the seminar series may also serve as a forum for MSc students to present their exit seminar (typically in Year 2 of their program). Students of all years must participate.

The organic synthesis seminar series provides graduate students with the opportunity to develop their presentation and communication skills, and to learn about topics of active research in the field of organic chemistry. PhD students will generally give seminars in Year 2 and Year 4 of the program, as outlined below. The biological chemistry seminar series provides graduate students with the opportunity to learn about a wide range of biological chemistry topics as well as to get practice giving talks to a broad audience of peers. Students in their second year are required to give a seminar on a topic other than their own research, at a level suitable for a grad level course. Students in their fourth year are required to give a talk on their own research. Depending on time-slot availability, the seminar series may also serve as a forum for MSc students to present their exit seminar (typically in Year 2 of their program). Students of all years must participate.

The notion of a sensor device is common knowledge to all. The range of these structures in modern times is immense, ranging from simple physical measurements such as temperature to complex devices that incorporate human cells in their design. The number of applications is also numerous including industrial processing, pharmaceutical analysis, automotive operation, military technology, and environmental signalling to name just a few areas of use. In this course, we introduce the basics of a special branch of sensor technology that deals with the detection of chemicals and biological species, the chemical and biosensor device. The course proceeds from a description of overall sensor architecture, to devices types based on electrochemistry, piezoelectric acoustic wave physics and optical science. The course also covers potential applications of these devices especially in the world of medicine. The course is especially interdisciplinary in nature, allowing the student to gain a good understanding of the merging of chemistry with biology, materials science, and electronic engineering.

An overview of both recent and fundamental developments of instrumentation that are revolutionizing the field of analyticalchemistry, with an emphasis on applications in biological chemistry and biotechnology. Topics will include specialized mass spectrometry techniques, including secondary ion, fast atom bombardment and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry methods; GC/MS and LC/MS interfaces; a survey of surface-oriented techniques including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection methods, total internal reflection fluorescence methods; Fourier transform theory and methods; microcomputer interfacing and chemometrics. Coursework will include independent literature reviews and student presentations.

This course provides theoretical and practical background useful for engaging in chemical separations in chemistry, biology, clinical biochemistry, engineering, research, and industry. The course first introduces chemical separation principles, including the partition concept. This leads to a treatment of the theory gas chromatography followed by a description of GC instruments with an emphasis on detector technology. An analogous look at high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) includes theory and basic instrument design with conventional detector technology. The combination of HPLC with various forms of mass spectrometry will then be covered, which will also involve applications of the technique in medical science. There will be a focus on other advanced separation techniques such as ion chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, conventional electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis, and size exclusion chromatography.

The course will cover general introduction to separation science, extraction principles and techniques, chromatographic methods, paper and thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography (theory, instrumentation, detectors, interfaces to MS), liquid chromatography (theory, instrumentation, detectors, interfaces to MS) and electric field driven separations.

This course is unique in the Chemistry canon in that it provides practical background useful for understanding, repairing, and building simple (and not-so-simple) instrumentation that is ubiquitous in the modern analytical laboratory. On the subject of electronics, the course covers voltage and current, resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, op-amps, digital electronics, and microprocessors. On the subject of computer programming, the course covers an introduction to programming, algorithms, syntax, variables, functions, hardware control, and data processing and visualization. Finally, on the subject of optics, the course covers light sources, wavelength selectors, detectors, lenses, mirrors, prisms, polarizing optics, microscopy, and non-linear optics. The course includes a series of unique laboratory exercises to give you an opportunity to gain experience with the concepts and subjects discussed in the lectures.

Biology is in the midst of a 'systems' revolution, which emphasizes the evaluation of interactions between hundreds-thousands of biomolecules in parallel. This paradigm, which has spawned the ever-growing number of '–Omics' disciplines, has been driven in part by tools developed by analytical chemists (e.g., microfluidics, multiplexed separations, high-resolution spectroscopy). One analytical technique that has had a particularly important role in the revolution is mass spectrometry. In this course, we take a detailed look at mass spectrometry and associated methods, and survey the state-of-the-art in other analytical tools that are driving the -Omics revolution.

This course will provide the fundamentals of electrochemistry as applied to solve problems of analysis, and will examine potentiometry and voltammetry as the basis for problem solving. The course will focus on electrode types and materials, surface derivatization methods for preparation of chemically modified electrodes, pulse forms and sequences for voltammetry, electron transfer, and relay systems for 'molecular wiring,' and examples of applications of technology in solving problems. Electrochemical sensors such as those for glucose analysis will serve as a platform for consideration of device engineering, and to examine requirements for commercialization of device technologies.

This course gives graduate students in the analytical chemistry stream practice speaking in front of a scientific audience and helps them to explore cutting-edge research topics in detail. MSc students are required to give one departmental seminar describing their research before the completion of their studies. PhD students are required to give two department seminars; typically this comprises one in the first or second year, and another close to the end of their PhD studies (Year 3 or 4). Student seminars in this course will be supplemented by presentations from local and not-so-local experts on relevant topics in analytical chemistry. The Analytical Seminar Plus (ASP) program runs in tandem with CHM1190Y seminars. PhD students are required to complete a set number of these ASP points prior to taking their oral exams.

This course gives graduate students in the analytical chemistry stream practice speaking in front of a scientific audience and helps them to explore cutting-edge research topics in detail. MSc students are required to give one departmental seminar describing their research before the completion of their studies. PhD students are required to give two department seminars; typically this comprises one in the first or second year, and another close to the end of their PhD studies (Year 3 or 4). Student seminars in this course will be supplemented by presentations from local and not-so-local experts on relevant topics in analytical chemistry. The Analytical Seminar Plus (ASP) program runs in tandem with CHM1190Y seminars. PhD students are required to complete a set number of these ASP points prior to taking their oral exams.

This course will cover a series of topics on organometallic chemistry and catalysis, including key reactions in organometallic chemistry such as transmetalation, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, insertion, elimination, and metathesis, as well as their applications in catalytic transformations. Typical bonding modes, structures, and reactivity patterns of various types of organometallic compounds will be discussed.

This course focuses on modern theory of inorganic reaction mechanisms. Topics covered include: formal kinetics and rate laws; transition state theory; activation parameters; modern experimental techniques; Introduction into computational methods; new discoveries in ligand substitution; recent findings for oxidative addition/reductive elimination; electron transfer mechanisms; inorganic photochemistry; mechanisms of selected important homogeneous reactions.

This online cross-listed undergraduate-graduate course is designed as a follow-up to CHM255Y (Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry) with lectures on solid state chemistry basics and CHM355H (Polymer and Materials Chemistry), with lectures on synthesis-structure-property-function relations of selected classes of low dimensional polymeric and inorganic materials. In this course we will be concerned with a comprehensive investigation of a wide range of synthetic methods for preparing diverse classes of inorganic materials and nanomaterials with properties and function that are intentionally tailored for a particular use. Several contemporary issues in materials research are critically evaluated to introduce the student to recent highlights in the field of materials chemistry and nanochemistry — now a well-established subdiscipline of chemistry.

The success and power of homogeneous catalysis derives in large part from the wide choice of transition metal ions and their ligands. This tutorial review introduces examples where the reactivity of a ligand is completely reversed (umpolung) from Lewis basic/nucleophilic to acidic/electrophilic or vice versa on changing the metal and co-ligands. Understanding this phenomenon will assist in the rational design of catalysts. First the ways ligands and metal ions affect the electronics and sterics in metal complex and catalysts will be examined. The concept of the stereoelectronic map will be examined. Then labelling a metal and ligand with Seebach donor and acceptor labels will identify whether a reaction involving the intermolecular attack on the ligand is displaying native or reactivity umpolung. This has been done for complexes of nitriles, carbonyls, isonitriles, dinitrogen, Fischer carbenes, alkenes, alkynes, hydrides, methyls, methylidenes and alkylidenes, silylenes, oxo/oxide, imide/nitrene, alkylidyne, methylidyne, and azo/nitride. The electronic influence of the metal and co-ligands is discussed in terms of the energy of (HOMO) d electrons. The energy can be related to the pKaLAC (LAC is ligand acidity constant) of the theoretical hydride complexes [H-[M]-L]+ formed by the protonation of a lone pair of d electrons. We will apply this knowledge to selected homogeneous catalytic systems. From Lewis acid-base reactivity we will then look at redox and radical reactivity for selected ligands and homogenous catalysts.

Essential elements, harmful elements, naturally occurring ligands, chelating ligands, ligands used in chelate therapy, functions of metals, principles of bioinorganic coordination chemistry, template effect, spontaneous self-assembly, properties of biological molecules, transport of metal ions, control and utilization of metal-ion concentrations, DNA binding, enzymes exploiting acid catalysis, developing artificial hydrolytic metalloenzymes, zinc fingers, electron transfer and energy sources for life, iron-sulfur proteins, Mossbauer spectroscopy, hydrogenases, nitrogenase, atom and group transfer chemistry, redox enzymes, biomineralization, metals in medicine, radiopharmaceuticals.

To give the student a clear understanding of the methods and a general proficiency in various methods applied to inorganic chemistry issues. This is a team-taught course on physical methods in inorganic chemistry.

An introduction to single crystal X-ray crystallography as a method of determining the structure of small molecules. The principal theme will be a description of the X-ray experiment from obtaining the crystal through to publishing the final structure. The objective of the course is to give students a working knowledge of the single crystal X-ray experiment. This will allow students to become more involved in the X-ray experiment and to read the crystallographic literature intelligently. Introduction to Crystals and Symmetry. Space groups (Triclinic, P2, P21, C2, Pc,P21/c, orthorhombic, tetragonal, others). Miller Indices, Reciprocal Lattices, and Diffraction. Intensity of Scattered X-rays, Data Acquisition, Data Reduction, and Structure Factors. Structure Solution, Structure Refinement, Evaluation of a Crystal Structure. Reference text: Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography , M.F.C. Ladd and R.A. Palmer, Plenum Press.

A chemistry approach to nanomaterials is presented through the eye of chemistry. The goal is to provide a leading-edge description of the emerging and exciting field of nanochemistry. The content of the course has been selected and organized to establish the basic principles of nanoscience through the subject of nanochemistry. Because of the interdisciplinary non-mathematical approach adopted in teaching this course the lecture material should be useful to a broad student interest group. To amplify, nanoscience today involves bottom-up chemistry and top-down engineering physics techniques or a creative amalgamation of both. We are currently witnessing an explosion of novel ideas and strategies for making and manipulating, visualizing and interrogating nanoscale materials and structures. An aim of this course is to describe the concepts and methods, developed mainly by chemists, for synthesizing a range of nanoscale building blocks with strictly controlled size, shape and surface functionality, structure, composition and properties. A further aim is to explain how these nanoscale construction units can be organized and integrated into functional architectures, both simple and complex, using a combination of self-assembly and directed self-assembly using chemical lithography and template based methods. Nanochemistry will be a valuable course for students planning an academic or industrial research career in any area related to nanoscience and nanotechnology. It provides a global perspective of the subject of nanochemistry, written with sufficient breadth and depth to make it suitable as the basis of a final year undergraduate course or a graduate course for students in chemistry and physics, materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine. This course will provide a readily accessible road map of nanochemistry, beginning with its roots and extending to its branches, emphasizing throughout the connection of ideas from discovery to application, from within and between the science disciplines. It provides a unique perspective through chemistry, which will make it invaluable for those witnessing, participating in, and trying to remain at the forefront of the nanoscience and nanotechnology explosion. The course material is designed to get students excited and thinking about nanochemistry, and what they can do with it.

Inorganic Chemistry faculty members will present exciting current topics that span the breadth of the field Inorganic Chemistry: Materials, Main Group, Transition Metal, Organometallic, Catalytic, Biological, and Physical. The topics will be different from those of CHM1261H Topics in Inorganic Chemistry I so that students can take both courses if they wish. Either CHM1266H or CHM1270H is a required core course for the Inorganic Chemistry program for students entering with a BSc.